Forms of state recognition

International practice distinguishes between de facto and de jure recognition of a new state according to its degree of consolidation as well as its chances of maintaining a stable rule of law. When there are doubts as to the stability of a new state’s exercised authority within a particular territory at a particular time, other states may grant it de facto recognition, i.e. they will recognize the legal system of the new state as existing in fact. De facto recognition is essentially a provisional form of recognition. It can already occur through an entry or exit stamp in a passport. When a state is able to prove its stability, de jure recognition will in time follow, provided the de facto recognition is not retracted. De jure recognition expresses trust in the stability of the new state. This form of recognition is definitive and retroactive.

SoS De Facto Recognitions and diplomatic relations:

United Nations

 

Republic of San Marino (since 2005)

 

Principality of Seborga (since 2005)

 

Slovenia (since 2007)

 

Switzerland (since 2007)

 

Principality of Monaco (2007)

 

Andorra (2007)

 

UMMOA (since 2010)

 

Principality of New Utopia (since 2010)

 

 

Australia (since 2003), Principality of Sealand (since 2003), Transnational Republic (since 2003), Hungary (since 2004)

Related Links:

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948
http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.htm

Rights and Duties of States-Convention Signed at Montevideo, December 26, 1933
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/interwar/rights.htm

VIENNA CONVENTION ON CONSULAR RELATIONS
AND OPTIONAL PROTOCOLS
VIENNA, ON 24 APRIL 1963
http://untreaty.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/9_2_1963.pdf